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Uterine Cancer

What is Uterine Cancer?

Uterine cancer occurs when cells in the uterus develop changes (mutations) that cause them to grow and multiply out of control, forming a tumor. Over time, these cancer cells can invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body.

 

There are two main types of uterine cancer:

  • Endometrial cancer, which begins in the lining of the uterus and is the most common type
  • Uterine sarcoma, a rare cancer that forms in the muscle or supporting tissue of the uterus

Unusual vaginal bleeding—especially after menopause or between periods—is often the earliest and most noticeable sign.

 

If you are experiencing symptoms or have concerns about a possible diagnosis, our specialists can provide the evaluation and guidance needed to determine next steps. 

Uterine Cancer Symptoms

Symptoms of uterine cancer most often involve changes in vaginal bleeding. These symptoms should always be evaluated—especially after menopause.

 

Common signs include:

  • Vaginal bleeding between periods
  • Bleeding or spotting after menopause
  • Heavy, frequent or prolonged bleeding (especially after age 40)
  • Lower abdominal or pelvic pain or cramping
  • Unusual vaginal discharge (such as thin, white or clear fluid) 

How Uterine Cancer is Diagnosed

If uterine cancer is suspected, your provider will review your symptoms, medical and family history and any risk factors. From there, they can use a combination of tests to confirm a diagnosis and guide treatment.

 

Pelvic Exam 

During a pelvic exam, your provider checks the uterus and surrounding organs for changes such as enlargement, tenderness or other abnormalities that may need further evaluation.

 

Imaging Tests 

Imaging creates detailed pictures of the uterus to help identify abnormal areas and determine whether cancer may be present or has spread. Tests may include:

  • Ultrasound: Often performed using a small probe placed inside the vagina (transvaginal ultrasound) to provide a clearer view of the uterus and its lining
  • CT (computed tomography)
  • MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

 

Biopsy 

A biopsy removes a small sample of tissue from the uterus to check for cancer cells. This is the only way to confirm a diagnosis of uterine cancer.

 

Blood Tests 

Blood tests may be used to assess overall health and support treatment planning. 

Uterine Cancer Treatment Options

At LifeBridge Health, your care is guided by a multidisciplinary team, including gynecologic oncologists, medical oncologists and radiation oncologists who work together to create a personalized plan.  

 

Depending on the type and stage of cancer, as well as your overall health and goals for care, this plan may include:

 

Surgery 

Surgery is the most common treatment for uterine cancer. Many patients undergo a hysterectomy, which removes the uterus and cervix. In some cases, nearby tissue or lymph nodes may also be removed.

 

Chemotherapy 

Chemotherapy uses medication to kill cancer cells or slow their growth. It may be used alone or combined with other treatments.

 

Radiation Therapy 

Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to target and destroy cancer cells. It is typically delivered from outside the body, though internal radiation (brachytherapy) may be used in some cases for more precise treatment.

 

Hormone Therapy 

When testing shows it may be effective, hormone therapy can be used to block hormones that help certain uterine cancers grow.

 

Immunotherapy 

Immunotherapy uses medication to help the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells.  

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials play an important role in improving cancer prevention, diagnosis and treatment. For some patients, taking part may offer access to new therapies that are not yet widely available. Your care team can help determine whether a clinical trial may be an option and explain what participation involves. 

Supportive Services

When you receive cancer care at LifeBridge Health, you have access to supportive services like counseling, integrative therapies and support groups. These resources are designed to help patients care for their physical and emotional well‑being throughout treatment and beyond.