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Mitral Valve Repair and Replacement

Mitral Valve Repair and Replacement

Mitral valve repair and replacement are surgical procedures to correct or replace the mitral valve in the heart, which controls blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle. These procedures are performed to treat conditions like mitral valve regurgitation or stenosis, which can lead to heart failure if left untreated. 

What to Expect

Before the Procedure

  • A thorough evaluation, including imaging tests such as echocardiograms, MRIs or CT scans, to plan the procedure.
  • Pre-operative instructions, which may include fasting and medication adjustments.
  • Discussion of anesthesia options and any risks or concerns you may have.

 

During the Procedure

  • You will be taken to a specialized operating room equipped for cardiac procedures.
  • The surgeon will access the heart through a small incision, often using minimally invasive techniques.
  • Mitral Valve Repair: The valve is repaired using techniques such as ring annuloplasty, leaflet resection, or chordal transfer.
  • Mitral Valve Replacement: The damaged valve is replaced with a mechanical or biological prosthetic valve.
  • The procedure typically takes 3-5 hours.

 

After the Procedure

  • You will be monitored in a recovery area and may need to stay in the hospital for observation for several days.
  • Instructions on post-operative care, including activity restrictions and wound care, will be provided.
  • Follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor your recovery and the success of the procedure. 

Recovery

Recovery times vary, but most patients can resume normal activities within a few weeks to months. It's important to follow all care instructions and attend follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing and heart function. 

Risks and Complications

While mitral valve repair and replacement are generally safe, they do carry some risks, including:

  • Infection: Proper care and hygiene can help minimize this risk.
  • Bleeding: Some bleeding at the surgical site is normal, but excessive bleeding should be reported.
  • Arrhythmias: Irregular heartbeats may occur and typically resolve on their own.
  • Reactions to Anesthesia: Any concerns about anesthesia will be discussed before the procedure. 

Success Rates

Mitral valve repair and replacement have high success rates, with most patients experiencing significant improvement in heart function and symptoms. Regular follow-up care is essential to ensure long-term success. 

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Balloon Valvuloplasty

Balloon Valvuloplasty

Balloon valvuloplasty is a minimally invasive procedure used to open a heart valve that has been narrowed by disease, most commonly aortic stenosis. The procedure involves inflating a balloon inside the valve to widen the opening and improve blood flow.

What to Expect

Before the Procedure

  • Diagnostic tests such as an echocardiogram or cardiac catheterization.
  • Conversations with your doctor regarding all medications you are taking, as some may need to be adjusted.
  • Instructions to fast for a certain period before the procedure. 

 

During the Procedure

  • A catheter with a balloon at its tip will be inserted through a blood vessel and guided to the heart.
  • Once in position, the balloon will be inflated to stretch the valve open.
  • The procedure typically takes 1 to 2 hours and may involve local or general anesthesia.

 

After the Procedure

  • You will be monitored in a recovery area for several hours.
  • Most patients can go home the same day or the following day, depending on their condition.

Recovery

Short-Term Recovery

  • You may experience mild discomfort at the catheter insertion site.
  • Follow your doctor's instructions regarding wound care and activity levels.

Long-Term Recovery

  • Attend all scheduled follow-up appointments to monitor your heart function.
  • Report any signs of infection or unusual symptoms to your doctor immediately.

Risks and Complications

While the balloon valvuloplasty procedure is generally safe, risks include bleeding, infection or damage to the blood vessel or heart. Our medical team will discuss these risks with you and take steps to minimize them. 

Success Rates

Balloon valvuloplasty has a high success rate in improving blood flow and reducing symptoms. However, the procedure may need to be repeated in the future if the valve narrows again. 

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Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

A thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a balloon-like bulge in the wall of the thoracic aorta, the part of the aorta that runs through the chest. This bulge can weaken the aorta's wall, increasing the risk of a tear (dissection) or rupture, which can be life-threatening. Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent serious complications. 

Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing a thoracic aortic aneurysm: 

  • High Blood Pressure: Chronic hypertension can weaken the aortic walls. 
  • Atherosclerosis: Buildup of plaque can damage the aorta. 
  • Genetic Conditions: Disorders such as Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and other connective tissue disorders. 
  • Family History: A history of aneurysms or other aortic conditions. 
  • Age and Gender: More common in men over the age of 60. 
  • Smoking: Increases the risk of aneurysm formation and growth. 
  • Infection or Injury: Trauma or certain infections can weaken the aortic wall. 

Symptoms

Thoracic aortic aneurysms often grow slowly and may not cause noticeable symptoms until they are large or rupture. Warning signs might include: 

  • Chest or Back Pain: A deep, aching pain in the chest or back. 
  • Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing due to pressure on the lungs. 
  • Hoarseness: Pressure on the vocal cords can cause changes in voice. 
  • Difficulty Swallowing: Pressure on the esophagus can make swallowing difficult. 
  • Coughing or Wheezing: Due to pressure on the airways. 

Diagnostics and Tests

Accurate diagnosis is essential for managing a TAA. Diagnostic methods include: 

  • Physical Examination: Initial assessment to check for signs of an aneurysm. 
  • Imaging Tests: 
  • CT Scan: Provides detailed images of the aorta and can show the size and location of the aneurysm. 
  • MRI: Offers a clear picture of the aorta’s condition. 
  • Chest X-ray: May reveal an enlarged aorta. 
  • Echocardiogram: Uses ultrasound to examine the aorta and heart. 

Treatments and Services

At LifeBridge Health, we provide comprehensive care for thoracic aortic aneurysms, including advanced diagnostic techniques, effective treatment options and supportive ongoing care. Our team of cardiologists, surgeons and healthcare professionals is committed to delivering personalized, compassionate care to ensure the best possible outcomes for our patients: 

  • Medications: Blood pressure management and medications to reduce the risk of aneurysm growth. 
  • Surgery: Open surgical repair or endovascular stent grafting, depending on the aneurysm’s size and location. 
  • Ongoing Care: Regular imaging, lifestyle changes and monitoring to manage risk factors and track the aneurysm's condition. 

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Atrial Septal Defect Repair

Atrial Septal Defect Repair

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) repair is a surgical procedure to correct a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart. This defect allows oxygen-rich blood to mix with oxygen-poor blood, causing the heart to work harder. Repairing the defect improves heart function and prevents complications. 

What to Expect

Before the Procedure

  • A thorough evaluation, including imaging tests such as echocardiograms, MRIs, or CT scans, to plan the procedure.
  • Pre-operative instructions, which may include fasting and medication adjustments.
  • Discussion of anesthesia options and any risks or concerns you may have.

 

During the Procedure

  • You will be taken to a specialized operating room equipped for cardiac procedures.
  • The surgeon will access the heart through a small incision, often using minimally invasive techniques.
  • The ASD will be closed using a patch or by sewing the hole shut.
  • The procedure typically takes 2-4 hours.

 

After the Procedure

  • You will be monitored in a recovery area and may need to stay in the hospital for observation for a few days.
  • Instructions on post-operative care, including activity restrictions and wound care, will be provided.
  • Follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor your recovery and the success of the repair. 

Recovery

Recovery times vary, but most patients can resume normal activities within a few weeks. It's important to follow all care instructions and attend follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing and heart function. 

Risks and Complications

While ASD repair is generally safe, it does carry some risks, including:

  • Infection: Proper care and hygiene can help minimize this risk.
  • Bleeding: Some bleeding at the surgical site is normal, but excessive bleeding should be reported.
  • Arrhythmias: Irregular heartbeats may occur and typically resolve on their own.
  • Reactions to Anesthesia: Any concerns about anesthesia will be discussed before the procedure. 

Success Rates

ASD repair has a high success rate, with most patients experiencing significant improvement in heart function and a reduction in symptoms. Regular follow-up care is essential to ensure long-term success.

 

For more information or to schedule a consultation, please contact our Cardiology team at LifeBridge Health. 

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Aortic Dissection

Aortic Dissection

Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition where a tear forms in the inner layer of the aorta, the main artery carrying blood from the heart to the rest of the body. This tear creates a separate channel for blood flow, which can cause the layers of the aorta to split apart. If the tear ruptures through the pouter wall of the aorta, it can be fatal. Prompt medical attention is crucial for survival.  

Risk Factors

Certain factors increase the risk of aortic dissection, including: 

  • High Blood Pressure: Persistent high blood pressure can weaken the aorta’s walls. 
  • Arterial Disease (Atherosclerosis): Hardening of the arteries can damage the aorta. 
  • Genetic Disorders: Conditions like Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. 
  • Age and Gender: Most common in men over 60. 
  • Family History: A history of aortic dissection or related conditions. 
  • Lifestyle Choices: Smoke and drug use. 
  • Pregnancy: Rarely, can occur during late pregnancy. 

Symptoms

Recognizing the symptoms of aortic dissection is vital for early intervention: 

  • Severe Chest or Back Pain: Often described as tearing, ripping or stabbing, and may move to the neck or down the back. 
  • Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing due to heart strain. 
  • Fainting: Caused by a sudden drop in blood pressure. 
  • Stroke Symptoms: Difficulty speaking, vision problems or weakness on one side. 
  • Leg Pain or Paralysis: If the arteries supplying blood to the legs are affected. 

Diagnostics and Tests

Timely and accurate diagnosis of aortic dissection is critical. At LifeBridge Health, diagnostic methods include: 

  • Physical Examination: Initial assessment to check for signs of aortic dissection, including blood pressure measurements in both arms. 
  • Imaging Tests: 
  • CT Scan: Highly accurate for identifying tears. 
  • MRI: Detailed imaging of the aorta. 
  • Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE): Ultrasound via esophagus for clear aorta images. 
  • Chest X-ray: May show an abnormal aorta shape.  
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG): To rule out a heart attack with similar symptoms. 

Treatments and Services

At LifeBridge Health, we provide comprehensive care for aortic dissection, including emergency treatment, ongoing management and support services to ensure the best possible outcomes for our patients. Our multidisciplinary team of cardiologists, surgeons and healthcare professionals is dedicated to offering advanced, compassionate care tailored to each individual’s needs. 

Depending on the tear’s location and severity, we may suggest: 

  • Medications: Blood pressure control and pain relief are crucial in managing aortic dissection. 
  • Surgery: Emergency surgery is often required for tears in the ascending aorta, while endovascular repair is used for tears in the descending aorta. 
  • Ongoing Care: Regular monitoring, lifestyle changes and rehabilitation services support recovery and long-term health management. 

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Vascular Surgery

Vascular Surgery

Vascular surgery involves the treatment of diseases and conditions affecting the blood vessels, including arteries, veins and lymphatic systems. It includes procedures to restore proper blood flow, remove blockages, repair damaged vessels and prevent complications such as aneurysms or blood clots. Common vascular surgeries include angioplasty, stent placement, bypass surgery and endarterectomy. 

What to Expect

Before the Procedure 

 

  • A thorough evaluation, including imaging tests such as CT scans, MRIs or ultrasounds, to plan the procedure. 
  • Pre-operative instruction, which may include fasting and medication adjustments. 
  • Discussion of anesthesia options and any risks or concerns you may have. 

During the Procedure 

  • You will be taken to a specialized operating room equipped for vascular procedures. 
  • Your surgeon will perform the necessary procedure based on your specific condition: 
    • Angioplasty and Stent Placement: A catheter is inserted to widen narrowed arteries and place a stent to keep them open. 
    • Bypass Surgery: Creating a new pathway around a blocked artery using a graft. 
    • Endarterectomy: Removing plaque buildup from the inner walls of arteries. 
  • The duration of the procedure varies depending on its complexity. 

After the Procedure 

  • You will be monitored in a recovery area and may need to stay in the hospital for observation. 
  • Instructions on post-operative care, including activity restrictions and wound care, will be provided. 
  • Follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor your recovery and the success of the procedure. 

Recovery

Recovery times can vary based on the type and extent of the vascular surgery performed. It is essential to follow your surgeon’s instructions on caring for the surgical site, managing pain and gradually resuming activities. Attending all follow-up appointments will help ensure a smooth recovery and allow your provider to monitor your progress and address any concerns. 

Risks and Complications

While vascular surgeries are generally safe, they do carry some risks, including: 

  • Infection: Proper care and hygiene can help minimize this risk. 
  • Bleeding: Some bleeding at the surgical site is normal, but excessive bleeding should be reported to your provider. 
  • Clotting: Blood clots can form in the treated vessels, potentially blocking blood flow. 
  • Stenosis: Narrowing of the blood vessels can occur over time, requiring additional treatment. 
  • Reactions to Anesthesia: Any concerns about anesthesia will be discussed before the procedure. 

Success Rates

Vascular surgeries have high success rates, especially when performed by experienced surgeons like those at LifeBridge Health. Procedures like angioplasty and stent placement, as well as bypass surgeries, are known for their effectiveness in restoring proper blood flow and improving patients’ quality of life. Regular follow-up and proper care are essential to maintaining the benefits of the surgery and ensuring long-term success. 

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Vascular Access for Hemodialysis

Vascular Access for Hemodialysis

Vascular access is a crucial procedure for patients undergoing hemodialysis, which is a treatment for kidney failure that removes waste and extra fluids from the blood. It involves creating an access point in your blood vessels, typically in the arm, to allow the hemodialysis machine to filter your blood effectively. There are three main types of vascular access: arteriovenous (AV) fistula, AV graft and central venous catheter. 

What to Expect

Before the Procedure 

 

  • A thorough evaluation, including imaging tests such as ultrasound or X-rays, to plan the procedure. 
  • Pre-operative instructions, which may include fasting and medication adjustments.  
  • Discussion of anesthesia options and any risks or concerns you may have. 

During the Procedure 

  • You will be taken to a specialized operating room equipped for vascular procedures. 
  • The surgeon will create the vascular access based on your specific needs: 
    • AV Fistula: Connecting an artery and a vein, usually in your arm. 
    • AV Graft: Using a synthetic tube to connect an artery to a vein. 
    • Central Venous Catheter: Placing a catheter in a large vein, often in the neck, chest or groin. 
  • The procedure typically takes 1-2 hours. 

After the Procedure 

  • You will be monitored in a recovery area and may need to stay for observation.  
  • Instructions on post-operative care, including activity restrictions and wound care, will be provided. 
  • Follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor the access site and your overall recovery. 

Recovery

Recovery times vary depending on the type of vascular access. For AV fistulas and grafts, it may take several weeks for the site to mature and be ready for use in hemodialysis. During this time, you may still need a temporary catheter. It’s important to follow all care instructions and attend follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing and function. 

Risks and Complications

While vascular access procedures are generally safe, they do carry some risks, including: 

  • Infection: Proper care any hygiene can help minimize this risk. 
  • Bleeding: Some bleeding at the access site is normal, but excessive bleeding should be reported to your healthcare provider. 
  • Clotting: Blood clots can form in the access site, potentially blocking the flow of blood.  
  • Stenosis: Narrowing of the blood vessels can occur, reducing the effectiveness of the access. 
  • Aneurism: Bulging of the blood vessel wall at the access site can develop over time. 

Success Rates

Vascular access procedures, especially AV fistulas, are known for their high success and long-term reliability. AV fistulas are the preferred choice due to their durability and lower risk of complications. Most patients experience excellent results, with their AV fistulas, which provide a dependable access point for hemodialysis. AV grafts are also a good option and work well for many patients. While central venous catheters are typically used temporarily, they can be an effective short-term solution. Regular monitoring and proper care of the access site are key to ensuring it functions well and remains in good condition for your treatments.  

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Transcarotid Artery Revascularization

Transcarotid Artery Revascularization

Transcarotid artery revascularization is a cutting-edge procedure designed to prevent strokes in patients with significant carotid artery disease. TCAR is a less invasive approach that combines traditional carotid endarterectomy techniques with modern transvascular neuroprotection. During the procedure, a small incision is made just above the collarbone to directly access the carotid artery, and a stent is placed to stabilize the artery and improve blood flow to the brain. 

What to Expect

Before the Procedure 

 

  • You will undergo a thorough evaluation, including imaging tests such as carotid ultrasound or angiography to assess the extent of arterial blockage. 
  • Your surgeon will explain the procedure, including potential risks and benefits. 
  • You may be asked to stop certain medications or supplements that could affect blood clotting. 

During the Procedure 

  • You will receive local anesthesia and mild sedation to keep you comfortable. 
  • A small incision is made at the neckline, and a specialized system temporarily reverses the blood flow in the carotid artery to protect the brain from plaque debris. 
  • A stent is then placed within the artery to stabilize the plaque and prevent a stroke. 
  • The procedure typically takes about one to two hours. 

After the Procedure 

  • You will be monitored closely in the recovery area for any signs of complications. 
  • Most patients can expect to return home within 24 hours after TCAR. 
  • You will receive instructions on post-procedure care, including activity restrictions and follow-up appointments. 

Recovery

The recovery period for TCAR is generally shorter and less painful than traditional open surgery. Patients may experience some neck discomfort or bruising, but this usually resolves within a few days.  

 

It is important to follow your surgeon’s instructions regarding medications, wound care and activity levels to ensure a smooth recovery. Most patients are able to resume normal activities within a week, though driving and heavy lifting may be restricted for a short period. 

Risks and Complications

TCAR is considered safer and less invasive than traditional surgery, but all procedures have risks. Possible complications include bleeding, infection, blood clots and stroke, although these are relatively rare. LifeBridge Health’s team of surgeons and vascular experts will ensure you understand any risks specific to your situation and prioritize mitigation. 

Success Rates

  • TCAR has been shown to have high success rates in preventing strokes with fewer complications compared to traditional carotid surgery. 
  • Clinical trials have demonstrated that TCAR has a low stroke and death rate, comparable to the best results of carotid endarterectomy but with fewer cranial nerve injuries and shorter hospital stays. 
  • Long-term success of the procedure also depends on adherence to healthy lifestyle choices and proper management of risk factors such as high blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes. 

 

For more information about transcarotid artery revascularization or to schedule a consultation with one of our vascular surgeons, please visit LifeBridge Health’s Vascular Surgery page. Our dedicated team is here to guide you through each step of your care, from diagnosis to recovery. 

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Peripheral Angioplasty and Stent

Peripheral Angioplasty and Stent

Peripheral angioplasty and stent placement is a minimally invasive procedure used to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels that supply blood to the legs and arms. This procedure can improve blood flow, relieve symptoms of PAD and reduce the risk of complications such as limb loss. 

What to Expect

Before the Procedure 

 

  • You will meet with a vascular specialist to discuss the procedure, its benefits and potential risks. 
  • Pre-procedure instructions will include guidelines on fasting, medication adjustments and what to bring on the day of the procedure. 
  • You may undergo preliminary imaging studies, such as a peripheral angiogram, to plan the angioplasty and stent placement. 

During the Procedure 

  • A local anesthetic will be applied to the insertion site, and you may receive sedation to help you relax. 
  • A catheter with a balloon at its tip will be threaded through the blood vessel to the narrowed area. 
  • The balloon is inflated to widen the vessel, and a stent is often placed to keep the vessel open. 

  • The procedure is monitored using real-time X-ray imaging. 

     

After the Procedure 

  • You will be monitored in a recovery area as the sedation wears off. 
  • Instructions on post-procedure care, including medications and activity restrictions, will be provided. 
  • A follow-up appointment will be scheduled to assess your recovery and the success of the procedure. 

Recovery

  • Recovery times can vary, but many patients can resume normal activities within a few days. 
  • You may be prescribed medication to prevent blood clots and to manage any discomfort. 
  • It's important to follow all post-procedure care instructions and attend all follow-up appointments. 

Risks and Complications

While peripheral angioplasty and stent placement is safe, risks can include bleeding, infection, blood vessel damage and reactions to the contrast dye. Our team will take every precaution to minimize these risks and will discuss them with you in detail. 

Success Rates

The success rate for peripheral angioplasty and stent placement is high, with many patients experiencing significant improvement in blood flow and symptom relief. The procedure can greatly enhance the quality of life for individuals with PAD. 

 

For more information on peripheral angioplasty and stent placement or to schedule a consultation, please visit LifeBridge Health’s Vascular Surgery page. Our expert team is here to provide you with the highest quality of care and support throughout your treatment journey. 

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Peripheral Angiogram

Peripheral Angiogram

A peripheral angiogram is a medical imaging procedure used to visualize the blood vessels in the body's periphery, particularly those supplying blood to the legs and arms. This test can help diagnose conditions such as peripheral artery disease (PAD), blockages or other abnormalities in the arterial system. 

What to Expect

Before the Procedure 

 

  • You will have a consultation with a vascular specialist who will explain the procedure and its purpose. 
  • Instructions will be provided on how to prepare, including any changes to medication routines and fasting requirements. 
  • Non-invasive tests, such as ultrasound, may be performed to gather preliminary information about your blood vessels. 

During the Procedure 

  • A local anesthetic will be used to numb the insertion site, typically in the groin or arm. 
  • A catheter is inserted into the blood vessel and guided to the area of interest. 
  • A contrast dye is injected through the catheter to make the blood vessels visible on X-ray images. 
  • The procedure is typically not painful, and you will be awake throughout, although you may be given medication to help you relax. 

After the Procedure 

  • You will be monitored for a short time for any immediate complications. 
  • Instructions will be given on how to care for the catheter insertion site and any activity restrictions. 
  • Results will be discussed in a follow-up appointment, where the next steps or treatments, if necessary, will be outlined. 

Recovery

  • Most patients can return home the same day after a peripheral angiogram. 
  • You may be advised to drink plenty of fluids to help flush the contrast dye from your body. 
  • Mild soreness at the catheter insertion site is common but should subside within a few days. 

Risks and Complications

Peripheral angiograms are generally safe, but risks can include bleeding or bruising at the insertion site, allergic reactions to the contrast dye and, rarely, damage to the blood vessels. Our medical team will discuss all potential risks with you and take precautions to minimize them. 

Success Rates

Peripheral angiograms are highly effective in diagnosing vascular conditions and guiding treatment decisions. The procedure provides detailed images that help in planning interventions such as angioplasty or vascular surgery when necessary. 

 

For more information about peripheral angiograms or to schedule a consultation, please visit LifeBridge Health's Vascular Surgery page. Our dedicated team is here to support you through the diagnostic process with expertise and compassionate care. 

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